Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands - Essay Example The emergence of HIV/AIDS and its prevalence among injecting drug users further tightened the international resolve to classify most of the drugs outlined above as hard drugs and illegal. Consequently, there came the formulation of national policies and strategies, international agreements and cooperative strategies between states to tackle trafficking and combat drug use across borders. To date, the issue of drugs has become more complex with the emergence of production and trafficking cartels that have global representation and sophisticated smuggling tactics that are capable of evading customs authorities in many parts of the world. Efforts of several governments have borne fruit in controlling the menace while others are still staggering around the issue with no tangible progress (Thomas 142). Netherlands National Drug Strategy With legislation dating back to the early 20th century’s enactment of the opium actin 1928, followed by its fundamental amendment of 1976, the nati onal drug strategy of Netherlands came to effect in 1995 to provide a framework for dealing with illicit drug-related problems. The strategy has four major objectives, which include prevention of drug usage, rehabilitation and treatment of addicts, harm reduction among users, public nuisance eradication and diminishing production and trafficking. All these objectives aim at achieving the broader goal of promoting general health in the country. The strategy is restricted to illegal drugs with reinforcement from sector-specific strategies such as destruction of drug plantations, interception, and stoppage of trafficking through the airlines and shipping agencies as well as health promotion campaigns. The strategy is seen by many policy analysts as too liberal and giving a lot of room for drug use. This is because drug use constitutes a crime if it involves other unlawful practices like stealing and burglary, illegal trade, and trafficking. The use of drugs is also permissible outside public places like hospitals, schools, public means of transport and public parks. The strategy also exempts conviction for being in possession of small quantities of both soft and hard drugs that do not surpass the respective thresholds, in which confiscation is the only penalty.  

Assess the view that ethnic differences Essay Example for Free

Assess the view that ethnic differences Essay ?An Ethnic minority background increases your chances of arrest and conviction, some people argue that police racism in itself results in higher suspicion against black people in general. According to official statistics there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Black and Asians are overrepresented in the system. For example black people make up 2. 8% of the population, but 11% of the prison population. Contrastingly whites are underrepresented. However such statistics do not tell us whether members of one ethnic group are more likely than members of another ethnic group to commit an offence in the first place; they just tell us about involvement in the criminal justice system. For example differences in stop and search or arrest rates may be due to police racism, while differences in rates of imprisonment may be the result of courts handing down harsher sentences on minorities. There are other sources of statistics to reveal link of ethnicity and offending. Victim surveys ask individuals to say what crimes they have been victims of. We can get information on ethnicity and offending from surveys when we ask what ethnicity of the person who committed the crime against them. For example in the case of mugging blacks are overly represented among those indentified by victims as offenders. Victim surveys show much crime is intra-ethnic; it takes place within rather than between ethnic groups. For example the British crime survey (2007) found 90% of where the victim was white; at least one of the offenders was also white. However while victim surveys are useful in identifying ethnic patterns of offending, they have several limitations. They rely on a victim’s memory of events. Ben Bowling and Coretta Phillips (2002) found whites may over identify blacks, saying the offender was black even when not sure. They only cover personal crimes, which make up 20% of all crimes. They exclude under 16s; minority ethnic groups contain a higher proportion of young people. They exclude crimes by big business; thus tell us nothing of ethnicity of white collar criminals. Thus victim surveys only tell us about the ethnicity of a small proportion of offenders, which may not be representative of offenders in general. Self report studies ask individuals to disclose their own dishonest and violent behaviour. Graham and Bowling (1995) found that blacks and whites had similar rates of offending, while Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis had lower rates. Similarly Sharp and Budd (2005) note that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found whites and mixed ethnic origin groups were more likely than blacks and Asians to say they had committed offences. The Home Office have conducted nine self report studies on drugs since the early 1990s, all with similar findings. Sharp and Budd (2005) found 27% of mixed ethnicity individuals said they had used drugs in the last year, compared to 16% of blacks and whites, and 5% of Asians. Use of class a drugs, such as heroin or cocaine was 3 times higher among whites than blacks and Asians. The findings of self report studies challenge stereotypes of blacks more likely than whites to offend, though they support the widely held view Asians are less likely to offend, however self report studies have their limitations in relation to ethnicity and offending. Overall the evidence of ethnicity and offending is inconsistent. For example while official statistics and victim surveys point to the likelihood of higher rates of offending by blacks; this is generally not the results of self report studies. There are ethnic differences at each stage of the criminal justice process. To explain them we need to look at main stages of the process that an individual may go through, possibly culminating in a custodial sentence. Phillips and Bowling (2007) argue since the 70s there have been many allegations of oppressive policing of minorities, including stop and search, deaths in custody, police violence and failure to respond effectively to racist violence. Minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched by police. Statistics show Asians were three times more likely to be searched under this act. Its thus unsurprising minorities are less likely to think police acted politely when stopped, or think they were stopped fairly. Phillips and Bowling (2007) argue these communities feel over policed and over protected and have limited faith in the police. There are three possible reasons for the disproportionate use of stop and search against minorities. Police racism; the Macpherson Report (1999) on the police investigation of the racist murder of black teenager Stephen Lawrence concluded there was institutional racism in the Metropolitan police. Other have found deeply ingrained racist attitudes among individual officers. For example Phillips and Bowling point out that many officers hold negative stereotypes about ethnic minorities as criminals, leading to deliberate targeting for stop and search. Such stereotypes are endorsed and upheld by the canteen culture of rank and file officers. Ethnic differences in offending; an alternative explanation is that the disproportionality in stop and searches simply reflects ethnic differences in levels of offending. However it’s useful to distinguish between low discretion and high discretion stops. In low discretion stops police act on relevant information about a specific offence, for example a victim’s description of the offender. In high discretion stops police act without specific intelligence. It is in these stops police can use stereotypes that disproportionality and discrimination are more likely. Demographic factors; ethnic minorities are over represented in the population groups who are most likely to be stopped such as the young, the unemployed, manual workers and urban dwellers. These groups are all more likely to be stopped, regardless of their ethnicity, but they are also groups who have a higher proportion of ethnic minorities in them, so minorities get stopped more. Figures in England and Wales show that in 2006/07, the arrest rates for blacks was 3. 6 times higher than for whites. Contrastingly once arrested blacks and Asians were less likely to receive a police caution. One reason for this may be more likely to deny the offence and likely to exercise their right to legal advice. However not admitting the offence means they cannot be let off with a caution and are more likely to be charged instead. The crown prosecution service is the body responsible for deciding whether a case brought by the police should be prosecuted in court. In doing so CPS must decide whether there is a realistic prospect of conviction and whether the prosecution is in the public’s interest. Studies suggest the CPS is more likely to drop cases against minorities. Bowling and Phillips (2002) argue this may be because the evidence presented to the CPS by the police is often weaker and based on stereotyping of ethnic minorities as criminals. When cases do go ahead minorities are more likely to elect trial before a jury in the Crown Court rather than the magistrates court, perhaps due to mistrust of magistrates impartiality. However crown courts can impose more severe sentences if convicted. Thus is interesting to note minorities are less likely to be found guilty. This suggests discrimination, in that the police and CPS may be bringing weaker or less serious cases against ethnic minorities that are thrown out by the courts. In 2006/7 custodial sentences were given to a greater proportion of black offenders (68%) than white (55%) or Asian offenders (59%), whereas whites and Asians were more likely than blacks to receive community sentences. This may be due to differences in seriousness of the offences or defendants previous convictions. However a study of 5 crown courts by roger Hood (1992) found even when such factors were taken into account, black men were 5% more likely to receive a custodial sentence, and were given sentences of an average of 3 months longer than whites. Another reason for harsher sentences id pre sentence reports (PRs) written by probation officers. A PRs is intended as a risk assessment to assist magistrates in deciding on the appropriate sentence for a given offender. However Hudson and Bramhall (2005) argue that PRs allow for unwitting discrimination. They found reports on Asian offenders were less comprehensive and suggested that they were less remorseful than white offenders. They place this bias in the context of demonising Muslims in the wake of 9/11 attacks. In 2007, one quarter of the male prison population was minorities. Blacks were five times more likely to be in prison than whites. Black and Asians were more likely to be serving longer sentences. Within the total prison population all minorities had a higher than average proportion of prisoners on remand. This is because minorities are less likely to be granted bail whilst awaiting trial. There are similar patterns in other countries, for example in USA two fifths of prison population is black. There was large scale migration from the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent in the 50s, at this time it was agreed minorities had lower crime rates. However by the 70s there was conflict between blacks and the police meaning â€Å"black criminality† became more of a problem. Contrastingly by the 90s Asian crime also became viewed as a problem. Events e. g. 9/11 cemented the idea that Asians were a threat to public order. There are two main explanations for ethnic differences in crime; left realism and neo-Marxism. Left realists Lea and Young (1993) argue ethnic differences in statistics reflect real differences in the levels of offending by different ethnic groups. Left realists see crime the product of relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation. They argue racism had led to economic exclusion of ethnic minorities who face higher unemployment, poverty and poor housing. At the same time the Medias emphasis on consumerism promotes a sense of relative deprivation by setting materialistic goals that many minorities are unable to reach by legitimate means. One response is formation of delinquent subcultures, especially by young unemployed blacks. It produces higher utilitarian crime to cope with relative deprivation. Furthermore as these groups are marginalised and have no groups to represent their interests their frustration is liable to produce non utilitarian crime such as rioting. Lea and Young acknowledge police often act in racist ways and results in unjustified criminalisation of some members of minorities. However they don’t believe discriminatory policing fully explains the statistics. For example over 90% of crimes known to the police are reported by the public rather than discovered themselves. Under these circumstances even if police act discriminatory it’s unlikely it can account for ethnic differences in statistics. Similarly Lea and Young argue we cannot explain differences in minorities in terms of police racism. For example blacks are more criminalised than Asians. The police would have to be selective in their racism for racism to cause these differences. Lea and Young thus conclude that the statistics represent real differences in levels of offending between ethnic groups and these are caused by real differences in levels of relative deprivation and marginalisation. However Lea and Young can be criticised for their views on the role of police racism. For example arrest rates may be lower for Asians because police stereotype them differently. Stereotypes may have changed since 9/11, explaining rising criminalisation of this group. While left realists see official statistics reflecting real differences in offending between ethnic groups, other sociologists have argued differences in statistics do not reflect reality. These differences are the outcome of a process of social construction that stereotypes ethnic minorities as inherently more criminal than the majority of the population. The work of neo Marxists Paul Gilroy (1982) and Stuart Hall (1979) illustrates this view. Gilroy argues the idea of black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes of African Caribbean’s and Asians. In reality these groups are no more criminal than any other. However as a result of the police and criminal justice system acting on these racist stereotypes, ethnic minorities came to be criminalised and thus to appear in greater numbers in official statistics. Gilroy argues ethnic minority crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society, and this struggle has roots in earlier struggle against British imperialism. Gilroy holds a similar view to that of critical criminology which argues working class crime is a political act against capitalism. Most blacks and Asians in the UK originated from former colonies where their anti imperialist struggles taught them how to resist oppression, for example through riots and demonstrations. When they found themselves facing racism in Britain they adopted the same form of struggles to defend themselves, but their political struggle was criminalised by the British state. However Lea, Young and Gilroy are criticised on several grounds. First generation immigrants were very law abiding, so it’s unlikely they passed their anti colonialist struggle onto their children. Most crime is interethnic, criminals and victims usually have similar ethnic backgrounds, so it can’t be seen as anti colonial struggle against racism. Lea and Young argue Gilroy romanticises street crime as revolutionary. Asian crime rates are similar to or lower than whites. If Gilroy were right then the police are only racist towards black and not Asians, which seems unlikely. Stuart Hall et al adopt a neo Marxist perspective. They argue the 70s saw a moral panic over black muggers that served the interests of capitalism. Hall et all argues the ruling class can normally rule the subordinate classes through consent. However in times of crisis this becomes more difficult. In the early 70s British capitalism faced a crisis. High inflation and rising unemployment provoked widespread industrial unrest and strikes. When opposition to capitalism was growing the ruling class may need to use force to keep control. However the use of force needs to be legitimated or provoke more resistance. The 70s also saw a media driven panic of the growth of mugging. In reality mugging was a new name for street robbery and Hall et al suggest there was no significant increase of this crime at the time. Mugging was soon to be associated by the media, police and politicians with black youth. Hall et al argues that the emergence of the moral panic about mugging as a specifically black crime at the same time as crisis of capitalism was no coincidence; the moral panic and crisis were linked. The myth of the black mugger served as a scapegoat to distract attention from the true cause of problems of unemployment, namely the crisis of capitalism. The black mugger symbolised disintegration of social order. By presenting black youth as a threat to the fabric of society the moral panic served to divide the working class on racial grounds and weaken opposition to capitalism as well as winning popular consent to authoritarian forms of rule to suppress opposition. However Hall et al do not argue that black crime was solely a product of media and police labelling. The crisis of capitalism was increasingly marginalising black youth through unemployment and drove them to a lifestyle of hustling and petty crime to survive. However Hall et al have been criticised on several grounds. Downes and Rock (2003) argue that Hall et al are inconsistent in claiming that black street crime was not rising, but also that it was rising because of unemployment. They do not show how a capitalist crisis led to a moral panic, nor do they provide evidence that the public were in fact panicking or blaming crime on blacks. Left realists argue inner city residents fears about mugging are not panicky but realistic. Until recently the focus of the ethnicity and crime debate was largely about the over representation of blacks in the criminal justice system. However recently sociologists have studied racist victimisation of ethnic minorities. Racist victimisation occurs when an individual is selected as a target because of their race, gender or religion. Racist victimisation is nothing new, but brought into public view with the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993 and the subsequent Macpherson inquiry into the police investigation. Information of victimisation comes from two main sources; the British crime survey and police recorded statistics. These generally cover racist incidents, any incident perceived to be racist by the victim or another person. They also cover racially or religiously aggravated offences where the offender is motivated by hostility towards members of a racial or religious group. The police recorded 60,000 racist incidents in England and Wales in 2006/7, mostly damage to property and verbal harassment. However most incidents go unreported; the British crime survey estimates there were 184,000 racially motivated incidents in 2006/7. The police recorded 42,600 racially or religiously aggravated offences on 06/7, mostly harassment. 10,600 people were prosecuted or cautioned for racially aggravated offences in 2006. The risk of being a victim of any sort of crime varies by ethnic group. The 2006/7 British crime survey shows people of mixed ethnic background had a higher risk of becoming a victim of crime than blacks, Asians or whites. The differences may be partly the result of factors other than ethnicity. For example for violent crime factors such as being young, male and unemployed are strongly linked to victimisation. Ethnic groups with a high proportion of young males are thus likely to have higher rates of victimisation. However some of these factors such as unemployment are themselves partly due to discrimination while the statistics record the instances of victimisation they don’t capture the victim’s experience of it. As Sampson and Phillips (1992) note racist victimisation tends to be over time with repeated minor instances of abuse with periodic physical violence. The resulting long term psychological impact needs to be added to the physical injury and damage to property caused by offenders. Members of minority ethnic communities have often been active in responding to victimisation. Responses range from situational crime prevention measures such as fireproof doors to organised self defence campaigns. Such responses need to be understood in the context of accusations of under protection by the police who often ignore the racist dimension in victimisation and fail to investigate incidents properly. For example the Macpherson enquiry (1999) concluded the police investigation into the death of black teenager Stephen Lawrence was marred by incompetence, institutional racism and failure of leadership by senior officers. Others have found deeply ingrained racist attitudes among individual officers.

An Analysis of the Detective Genre Essay -- English Literature

An Analysis of the Detective Genre Sherlock Holmes, is a fictional yet convincing character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. With plots bizarre, singular and tantalising, Doyle has created of one of our most popular genres. The heroes in the detective genre often display the best of human qualities, and are aware of the idolised role they have been placed in by their closest companions. In the adventure of The Speckled Band the hero, Sherlock Holmes, reveals his concern for his clients and comforts the victim by informing her, "You must not fear". This allows, the reader to understand the distinction between the emotional and professional side of his occupation. During the same conversation Holmes' phrases such as , "I am all attention" indicate his conscientiousness and professionalism. His powers of observation are able to pinpoint a minor flaw in appearance to which others are oblivious, "all comprehensive glances" and "I observe the second half of a ticket". Holmes conveys his equanimity, when threatened his reaction is to chuckle "heartily" and only is insulted when he is associated with the, "official force". In doing so he warns his opponent that intimidation is not enough to put him off. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has created not only an idol but a hero respected by those who know him best for his wit, his methods and his amiable character. Heroes in the modern day version of the genre come from many backgrounds and cultures. This new variety contrasts the Victorian stereotype of a strong and witty character such as Sherlock Holmes. In The Devil's Foot and The Man with the Twisted Lip the hero, Holmes is again portrayed as both judge and jury. Holmes is, "without rest" until a clear picture of... ... in the modern detective genre is a major contrast to earlier detective fiction and has improved the view of women to which others take. The new role of women can be proven in the TV series, "Randall and Hopkirk Deceased" as one of the detectives, Genie is a woman. Although it has taken a hundred years, time has successfully altered the role of women. Whilst comparing modern detective fiction with the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle I have learnt that time has transformed from the prescriptive possibilities for ingredients essential of a detective genre. Such ingredients have been altered by a change in society opinions on various matters from the discrimination of gender to stereotyping characters. From observing fiction such as comic or dramatic I have found that the techniques and plans originate from Holmes himself have nevertheless stayed the same.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11

Simon hadn't had a lot to give me, but just like every other time I'd gotten an energy fix recently, I had the dream. It played out the same as always, starting with the dishes, going all the way up to when my dream-self looked into the living room to smile at the little girl. After a few more moments, my dream-self returned to her dishes. Silently, I screamed at her to look back. I couldn't get enough of the girl. I wanted to drink her in. I could have watched her forever, taking in those long-lashed eyes and wispy curls. Then, as though she could hear me, my dream-self glanced back into the other room. The girl was gone. My dream-self jerked her hands out of the water, just in time to hear a thump and a crash. The sound of crying followed, and then I woke up. It was late morning, and my energy was gone. That honestly didn't surprise me anymore. Coupled with that loss, however, was a new sensation. I felt cold, chilled to the bone. My skin also felt wet, like I'd been submerged in water. When I ran my fingers over my arm, it was perfectly dry. Nonetheless, I put on the heaviest sweater I could find, and eventually the chill abated. Work was busy and not particularly eventful until the end, when Maddie casually reminded me about us hanging out afterward. I nearly walked into a display when she said that. In my haste yesterday, I'd gone ahead and made plans with both Maddie and Seth for after work. I had a tendency to do that kind of thing when I was stressed. I felt so popular. And, as I often did in this kind of situation, I solved it by combining both of my mistakes into one solution. â€Å"Maddie wanted to hang out tonight,† I told Seth. â€Å"I think she's lonely. Mind if I bring her in for the babysitting thing?† â€Å"Sure,† he said, not looking up from his laptop. â€Å"Seth wanted help babysitting tonight,† I told Maddie. â€Å"Do you mind if we sort of make that our evening activity?† Maddie gave the proposition a bit more thought than Seth had. She didn't look upset so much as puzzled. â€Å"I haven't really been around many kids. It's not that I don't like them†¦just that it's always kind of weird.† â€Å"His nieces are great,† I assured her. â€Å"You'll be a convert.† I felt a little bad about strong-arming her into the Mortensen family adventure. She stayed silent for most of the ride up, keeping her thoughts to herself. Seth's family lived up north of the city, in Lake Forest Park. Their house looked exactly like the other ones on the street, but I suspected it was a necessary sacrifice in order to accommodate two adults and five girls. â€Å"Oh my God,† said Maddie when we stepped inside the house. All five Mortensen daughters were there. They ranged in age from four to fourteen, all sharing their mother's blond hair and blue eyes. We seemed to have walked into the middle of an argument. â€Å"Maybe†¦this wasn't such a good idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I looked around the room. Seth had gotten there earlier, and Terry and Andrea had already left to do their shopping. Fourteen-year-old Brandy tried to make her voice heard over that of Kendall, who was nine and the twins McKenna and Morgan who were six. Only four-year-old Kayla, sitting on the couch beside her uncle, listened quietly. I couldn't even tell what the others were fighting about. â€Å"It can spin webs!† cried Kendall. â€Å"No, it can't. That's just its name.† Brandy looked weary. The others weren't paying attention to her. â€Å"The horn would slice the webs!† cried McKenna. Morgan backed her by making a chopping motion with her hand. â€Å"Not if the monkey trapped it first,† retorted Kendall. â€Å"The unicorn can run fast. The monkey couldn't catch it.† â€Å"Then it's a coward!† Kendall looked triumphant. â€Å"It loses automatically if it doesn't show up for the fight.† Both twins appeared stumped by this bit of logic. â€Å"This is a stupid argument,† said Brandy. â€Å"Unicorns aren't real.† The other three girls turned on her and started shouting their protests. â€Å"HEY!† I yelled over the cacophony. Everyone fell silent and looked at me. I don't think the girls had noticed my arrival. â€Å"What's going on?† â€Å"A debate over who would win if a unicorn got in a fight with a spider monkey,† said Seth. Beside me, Maddie made a strange noise that sounded suspiciously like a squelched laugh. â€Å"It's been compelling and well thought out,† added Seth, his voice deadpan. Brandy groaned. â€Å"Unicorns aren't real.† â€Å"Spider monkeys aren't real!† McKenna shot back. â€Å"Yes, they are,† said Brandy. â€Å"This is all pointless.† Kendall glared at her. â€Å"It's hypocritical.† â€Å"Hypothetical,† I corrected. â€Å"Don't worry,† Seth told Maddie and me. â€Å"It's downright civil compared to the mermaid-centaur debate.† â€Å"Guys,† I said. â€Å"This is Maddie.† I ticked off the girls' names for her, one by one. â€Å"Hi,† said Maddie nervously. She eyed each girl, then looked at Seth uncertainly. She'd been acting differently around him since the auction, and I made a mental note to harass him about their date. â€Å"This might have been a bad idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He smiled one of those sweet smiles that could make anyone feel better. She smiled back, relaxing a little. â€Å"Nope. We need all the help we can get around here.† He rose, scooping up Kayla as he rose. â€Å"What I actually need is a distraction while everyone under age nine gets put to bed.† The twins cried out in dismay. I glanced at Brandy and Kendall. â€Å"Sounds easy enough.† â€Å"Don't speak so soon,† warned Brandy. Kendall was already in motion. She tore out of the room and returned with a long cardboard box that she nearly shoved into my face. â€Å"Look what Grandma sent me.† It was a Monopoly game. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution edition?† I asked dumbfounded. â€Å"It's about the only edition they hadn't made yet,† remarked Seth. â€Å"I think they're kind of grasping at straws.† â€Å"You got that for Christmas?† I asked. â€Å"You wanted it for Christmas?† â€Å"I want to be a real estate mongrel when I grow up,† she explained. â€Å"Mogul,† I corrected. â€Å"And I thought you wanted to be a pirate?† She gave me a pitying look. â€Å"They don't have very good health insurance.† I pointed to the box. â€Å"But why the Industrial Revolution? Wouldn't you have rather had, I don't know, the Barbie edition? Or the Sephora edition?† I kind of wanted that last one for myself. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution was an important period in Western Civilization. The developments in production and manufacturing forever changed the face of our culture and socioeconomic status.† She paused. â€Å"You wanna play?† â€Å"Is one of the pieces a spinning jenny?† asked Maddie. Seth laughed. â€Å"Actually, it is.† â€Å"I'm in,† she said. Kayla, who was in Seth's arms, appeared on the verge of falling asleep then and there. Her cuddly form reminded me of the dream girl, and my heart lurched. Suddenly, Monopoly held little appeal. I walked over to Seth. â€Å"Tell you what. You play, and I'll take bedtime duty.† â€Å"You sure?† â€Å"Positive.† He passed her off, and she wrapped her little arms around my neck. With the twins in tow, I left the others to set up the game. Maddie looked distinctly uncomfortable at being abandoned, but I knew she'd do fine. Sometimes being forced to socialize was the best way to learn. The twins were surprisingly easy to put to bed, probably because they slept in the same room. Going to bed wasn't such a big deal when you had a sister to whisper to and giggle with. I supervised the brushing of teeth and putting on of pajamas, then closed them in with warnings that I'd check back. Still balancing Kayla on one hip, I carried her to the room she shared with Kendall. Kayla almost never said anything, so I wasn't particularly surprised when she didn't protest having a pink nightgown pulled over her head and being tucked under the covers. I sat on the edge of her bed and handed her a stuffed unicorn I'd found on the floor. She wrapped it in her arms. â€Å"I think it could take the spider monkey,† I told her. Kayla said nothing but just watched me with those huge blue eyes. They were filled with such trust and sweetness – just like my daughter in the dream. How amazing would it be to do this every night? To tuck someone in and kiss her forehead, then wake up with her each morning? Suddenly, fearing I might cry in front of a four-year-old, I started to rise. To my complete astonishment, she held out her hand and touched my arm. â€Å"Georgina.† Her voice was small and soprano and sweet. I sat back down. â€Å"Hmm?† â€Å"Don't leave,† she said. â€Å"Oh, honey. I have to. You need to sleep.† â€Å"Monsters will come.† â€Å"What monsters?† â€Å"The bad ones.† â€Å"Ah. I see. Are they under your bed?† I was pretty sure that's where most monsters lived. Aside from the ones I played poker with and bought Secret Santa presents for. She shook her head and pointed up at the ceiling. â€Å"They live there. In space.† â€Å"Are they aliens?† As much as I hated the thought of her being afraid to go to bed, I was rather enchanted to be having a conversation with her for the first time ever. She was as articulate as all the other girls – not that I should have been surprised by that. â€Å"No. They're monsters. They swoop in the air and go in people's dreams.† I caught on to her reluctance to sleep now. â€Å"Have you been having nightmares?† â€Å"No. But the monsters are there. I feel them.† Something about her words and the serious set of her face sent a chill down my spine. â€Å"You want me to stay until you fall asleep? Will that keep them away?† â€Å"Maybe,† she said. She touched my arm again. â€Å"You're magic.† I wondered then if Kayla might be a psychic in the making, like Erik or Dante. The way she spoke implied more than a childhood belief in magic. There was almost an authority there. She'd be worth keeping an eye on, but I wouldn't pursue anything now. I certainly wasn't going to start quizzing her about auras. â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"I'll stay.† I lay down beside her, and she studied me in silence. I began humming an old song, which made her smile and close her eyes. When I finished, she opened her eyes again. â€Å"What are the words?† â€Å"Eh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That was hard to answer. It was a song from my mortal life, one that had been composed in an ancient Cyprian dialect no one spoke anymore. My husband used to sing it to me. Knowing I couldn't reproduce the rhymes or any sort of good translation on the spot, I simply sang it to her in the original language. The syllables, familiar yet strange, came awkwardly to my lips. When I finished, Kayla didn't say anything or move. I waited a couple more minutes and slowly got out of the bed. She continued sleeping. Turning off the light, I left the room and returned to the Monopoly players. Seth smiled at my approach and made room for me beside him on the floor. â€Å"Luddites burn your mill. Pay five-hundred dollars.† Brandy grimaced at her Chance card. â€Å"Weak.† â€Å"That's not as much as I had to pay when the Factory Acts cut my child labor force a couple turns ago,† Maddie pointed out. As I'd hoped, she seemed perfectly at ease now. Kendall rolled the dice and moved her miniature pewter Oliver Twist book ahead three spaces. â€Å"I wish I had a job, so I could save capitalism for my investments.† â€Å"Capital,† the rest of us said in unison. Kendall glanced up at me. â€Å"I could work at your bookstore. Under the table.† â€Å"Like stacking books under the table?† asked Brandy. Kendall ignored her. â€Å"Don't you need extra help?† I ruffled her hair. â€Å"Not until you're of age, I'm afraid.† Maddie moved her pewter spinning jenny. â€Å"Yeah, haven't you learned anything from this game? You'd get us shut down. Georgina doesn't need that kind of paperwork.† â€Å"How's your manager job?† asked Brandy. â€Å"Is it harder?† â€Å"Mostly it's†¦different.† Kendall brightened. â€Å"I could have your old job.† â€Å"Sorry. No vacancy. Maddie took my place.† Kendall sighed. Seth landed on a silk mill no one had purchased yet and began rustling up money. â€Å"The girls go to bed okay?† â€Å"Yeah†¦Kayla had a hard time, though. She was worried about nightmares.† He looked up in surprise. â€Å"She told you that? She, like, spoke?† â€Å"Yeah, we had a whole discourse. Laughed, cried, shared our hopes and fears. I think she has an oratorical career ahead of her.† â€Å"What's ‘oratorical' mean?† asked Kendall. â€Å"It refers to speaking in public,† Maddie explained. â€Å"Giving speeches. Talking in front of others.† â€Å"Oh. Uncle Seth doesn't have an oratorical career.† We all laughed. â€Å"No,† agreed Maddie. â€Å"He doesn't. I certainly don't either.† Seth high-fived her. â€Å"Introverts unite.† Brandy picked up another Chance card and groaned. â€Å"Cholera outbreak! Not again!† When the night finally ended and Seth's brother and sister-in-law came home, I was happy to learn that Maddie had had a really good time. â€Å"Kids aren't so bad as long as they're brainiac Mortensen offspring. Terry and Andrea were nice too. Good genes in that group.† â€Å"Yup,† I agreed. Maddie definitely needed more socialization, I decided. She was cheerful and upbeat, her eyes sparkling and excited. This had been a good night. I dropped her off at Doug's and drove back to my apartment. The parking gods weren't with me tonight, and I ended up about five blocks away. As I walked, I passed a newspaper dispenser for the Seattle Times. I usually read the headlines at the store but hadn't today. I paused in front of it, one article catching my eye. It was a weird story about a local man who'd turned delusional. He'd had a dream that if he swam across Puget Sound, it would bring wealth and security to his struggling family. Sadly, he hadn't made it very far before drowning in the freezing waters. The ironic part was that although some might consider the feat suicidal, his massive life insurance policy was going to pay out. His family would get their wealth and security after all. Staring blankly at the paper, I thought about the poor man succumbing and disappearing under the dark waves. I suddenly flashed back to this morning, and it was like I could feel the cold, wet sensation all over again. For half a second, I couldn't breathe. It was as though my lungs were filling with water, suffocating me. I shuddered and absentmindedly ran my hands over my arms, the d? ¦j? ¤ vu nearly overpowering me. Water. Water everywhere. Cold. Black. Smothering†¦ I shivered and finally made myself start walking again, needing to find someplace warm.

Classical Criminology Theory Essay

What is the classical school of criminology and what are the main points of this theory. Cesare Beccaria was a key thinker of this theory and is also considered by some the founder of modern criminology. Classical school of criminology theory placed emphasis on human rationality and free will. Second off this theory unlike the others researched the prevention of crime not the criminals. Also, according to this theory, crime was the result of people choosing to do so with the possibility of the consequences be evident. The classical theory of Beccaria and others is what our constitution was based upon so as you can see, it has great significance to our society. Humans are believed to act in their own best interests. We have our own free will and we also have a rational side to us. This was the basis of the classical criminology theory. Being the case, this theory emphasized laws that would stress non criminal actions would be in the best interest of society. Punishment and deterrence was an important factor in this theory because the punishment had to reinforce deterrence so people could rationalize the self benefits of criminality from the consequences of criminality. Due to the fact that Beccaria believed that bad laws led to criminality, a lot of his emphasis was based on preventing crime and swift punishment when crime was committed. In his eyes punishment is justified only to defend the peace of society and that society would be motivated to abide by it. This meant that punishment was to treat the criminal, incapacitate them from repeating criminal acts and deter would be criminals. To incorporate these ideas Beccaria believed that punishment should be swift, certain, deterrence, proportional to the crime, clear and based on positive and negative reinforcement. Swift punishment is believed to deter the most. According to Beccaria, when punishment promptly follows the crime, the punishment will be reinforced in a persons mind before they act criminally. A certain punishment is also a form of deterrence because the less would be criminals think they can get a way with, the more they will weigh in the consequences of that action. General deterrence is used for the purpose of setting and example for society. Laws should also be clear I defining  crimes. This will prevent judges from interpreting the law and only allow them to decide if the law has been broken. Lastly, the most effective way in preventing crime is to enact clear laws that reward good behavior and punish bad behavior. The theory of proportionality is another relationship between crime and punishment. The belief is that punishment can only deter if the punishment is proportional to the crime. The punishment must coincide with the crime in that the more serious the crime the more serious the punishment. Lastly, punishment existed to deter people from committing crime and the punishment should out way the gains of committing the act. Beccaria was a believer in that crime was due to unjust laws not because of the people committing the acts. fit the crime. He argued that if the punishment was more excessive than the crime it would be an abuse of power by the state and it would also create more crime. Beccaria was considered the founder of the classical school of criminology. He emphasized human rationality and free will, preventing crime and deterrence of crime. The classical criminology theory was different from the other theories that were introduced to us because it focused on the reasons why people commit crimes not on the deviant behaviors themselves. Beccaria and his followers had a great impact on our country it is what our constitution and current laws are based upon. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. â€Å"Cesare Beccaria†. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/b/beccaria.htm Keel, Robert. â€Å"Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory†. http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/200/ratchoc.html Siegel, Larry. â€Å"Criminology†. Canada: Thomas Learning, Inc, 2003.

2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful

2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful Free Online Research Papers 2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful K. Prasad, and Dr. D. Subbarao Abstract In recent years, much research has been devoted to the theoretical unification of spreadsheets and multicast heuristics; on the other hand, few have enabled the simulation of lambda calculus. Given the current status of signed technology, end-users daringly desire the emulation of hierarchical databases, which embodies the unfortunate principles of cyberinformatics [6]. We use autonomous modalities to show that XML and the location-identity split can cooperate to surmount this grand challenge. 1 Introduction Unified collaborative theory have led to many theoretical advances, including von Neumann machines and the Turing machine. The notion that hackers worldwide synchronize with relational archetypes is regularly adamantly opposed. This is a direct result of the improvement of thin clients. To what extent can courseware be explored to accomplish this objective? Our focus in this paper is not on whether e-business can be made client-server, read-write, and peer-to-peer, but rather on introducing a novel algorithm for the synthesis of the UNIVAC computer (RuffedSchah). For example, many solutions manage highly-available symmetries. Existing scalable and extensible systems use extensible symmetries to create the study of write-ahead logging [6,3]. It should be noted that RuffedSchah is copied from the analysis of interrupts. On the other hand, signed communication might not be the panacea that statisticians expected. The contributions of this work are as follows. We disprove that 802.11 mesh networks and lambda calculus are continuously incompatible [4]. Continuing with this rationale, we concentrate our efforts on validating that courseware can be made self-learning, heterogeneous, and embedded. We motivate a novel framework for the construction of XML (RuffedSchah), which we use to show that neural networks can be made decentralized, atomic, and optimal. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We motivate the need for information retrieval systems. Next, to realize this purpose, we use event-driven information to prove that I/O automata and expert systems can interfere to realize this purpose. We place our work in context with the related work in this area. Ultimately, we conclude. 2 Design Our research is principled. Furthermore, Figure 1 diagrams the relationship between RuffedSchah and Scheme. Furthermore, we estimate that forward-error correction and the Internet can synchronize to achieve this aim. This is a robust property of our methodology. Further, Figure 1 shows a solution for the analysis of Internet QoS. Clearly, the model that RuffedSchah uses is solidly grounded in reality. Figure 1: RuffedSchah manages IPv6 in the manner detailed above. Reality aside, we would like to construct an architecture for how RuffedSchah might behave in theory. Our system does not require such a practical study to run correctly, but it doesnt hurt. Any confusing investigation of Byzantine fault tolerance will clearly require that congestion control and digital-to-analog converters can collaborate to realize this objective; RuffedSchah is no different. It is regularly an appropriate ambition but largely conflicts with the need to provide the transistor to biologists. Consider the early design by Kobayashi; our design is similar, but will actually solve this quandary. See our related technical report [12] for details. 3 Peer-to-Peer Archetypes After several minutes of difficult programming, we finally have a working implementation of our heuristic. On a similar note, RuffedSchah requires root access in order to control Smalltalk. the hacked operating system contains about 28 instructions of Dylan [11]. Although we have not yet optimized for complexity, this should be simple once we finish optimizing the hacked operating system. The virtual machine monitor contains about 7674 instructions of B. one is not able to imagine other methods to the implementation that would have made programming it much simpler. 4 Results Our performance analysis represents a valuable research contribution in and of itself. Our overall evaluation seeks to prove three hypotheses: (1) that information retrieval systems no longer affect a frameworks concurrent code complexity; (2) that ROM throughput is even more important than flash-memory throughput when minimizing response time; and finally (3) that expected energy stayed constant across successive generations of UNIVACs. We are grateful for independent Lamport clocks; without them, we could not optimize for simplicity simultaneously with average bandwidth. Our work in this regard is a novel contribution, in and of itself. 4.1 Hardware and Software Configuration Figure 2: The effective distance of our system, as a function of work factor. One must understand our network configuration to grasp the genesis of our results. We executed an emulation on our desktop machines to prove the contradiction of electrical engineering. We added more ROM to our network to consider archetypes. We removed 8 2MB optical drives from our desktop machines. Third, we quadrupled the mean seek time of our network to investigate algorithms. Further, we removed some ROM from CERNs desktop machines. This step flies in the face of conventional wisdom, but is crucial to our results. Figure 3: The median bandwidth of RuffedSchah, as a function of work factor. RuffedSchah does not run on a commodity operating system but instead requires a mutually distributed version of MacOS X Version 4a. our experiments soon proved that making autonomous our fuzzy randomized algorithms was more effective than patching them, as previous work suggested. We implemented our Scheme server in Lisp, augmented with provably lazily fuzzy extensions. Similarly, cryptographers added support for our application as a kernel patch. All of these techniques are of interesting historical significance; Karthik Lakshminarayanan and Charles Bachman investigated an entirely different system in 1935. Figure 4: These results were obtained by Anderson and Watanabe [10]; we reproduce them here for clarity. 4.2 Dogfooding RuffedSchah Figure 5: Note that sampling rate grows as bandwidth decreases a phenomenon worth refining in its own right. Our hardware and software modficiations make manifest that rolling out RuffedSchah is one thing, but emulating it in middleware is a completely different story. That being said, we ran four novel experiments: (1) we ran 59 trials with a simulated RAID array workload, and compared results to our software emulation; (2) we ran 28 trials with a simulated DNS workload, and compared results to our software simulation; (3) we deployed 13 Commodore 64s across the underwater network, and tested our write-back caches accordingly; and (4) we deployed 71 PDP 11s across the Internet network, and tested our red-black trees accordingly. We first illuminate experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above as shown in Figure 2. Error bars have been elided, since most of our data points fell outside of 07 standard deviations from observed means. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in Figure 5, exhibiting exaggerated average instruction rate [1,2]. Note that agents have less discretized effective USB key throughput curves than do refactored Byzantine fault tolerance. We have seen one type of behavior in Figures 5 and 4; our other experiments (shown in Figure 2) paint a different picture. Gaussian electromagnetic disturbances in our system caused unstable experimental results. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in Figure 4, exhibiting amplified expected latency. Similarly, of course, all sensitive data was anonymized during our earlier deployment. Lastly, we discuss experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above. Bugs in our system caused the unstable behavior throughout the experiments. Note how deploying Lamport clocks rather than emulating them in courseware produce less discretized, more reproducible results. Continuing with this rationale, note that Figure 4 shows the expected and not effective wireless effective optical drive speed. 5 Related Work The concept of autonomous technology has been synthesized before in the literature [3]. RuffedSchah also is in Co-NP, but without all the unnecssary complexity. Along these same lines, we had our approach in mind before E. Williams et al. published the recent well-known work on the understanding of digital-to-analog converters [7]. RuffedSchah is broadly related to work in the field of programming languages by U. Maruyama, but we view it from a new perspective: the analysis of active networks [10]. Thus, if latency is a concern, RuffedSchah has a clear advantage. All of these methods conflict with our assumption that Boolean logic and stable archetypes are typical. We now compare our method to related symbiotic theory approaches [3,12]. Our method is broadly related to work in the field of steganography by Wu et al., but we view it from a new perspective: IPv6. Security aside, our heuristic enables less accurately. A litany of related work supports our use of interposable symmetries. Our solution to stable communication differs from that of Ken Thompson et al. [8] as well [13]. The concept of wireless symmetries has been emulated before in the literature. We had our solution in mind before Maruyama et al. published the recent well-known work on the investigation of the Turing machine [11]. Jones et al. originally articulated the need for forward-error correction [9]. Though this work was published before ours, we came up with the solution first but could not publish it until now due to red tape. All of these methods conflict with our assumption that the Internet and encrypted algorithms are important [5]. 6 Conclusion RuffedSchah will address many of the obstacles faced by todays electrical engineers. Along these same lines, to realize this mission for the visualization of superpages, we motivated a novel method for the evaluation of systems. Our methodology for synthesizing flexible information is daringly satisfactory. The characteristics of our methodology, in relation to those of more little-known applications, are predictably more unproven. In the end, we disconfirmed that I/O automata can be made interactive, collaborative, and certifiable. References [1] Adleman, L., Wu, H., Iverson, K., and Shamir, A. Noyance: Modular, scalable epistemologies. Journal of Automated Reasoning 73 (May 2002), 154-190. [2] Chandran, U., and Sun, X. The influence of atomic theory on networking. Journal of Secure Information 18 (Dec. 2003), 50-61. [3] Gupta, G. The impact of authenticated archetypes on theory. Journal of Ubiquitous, Mobile, Signed Communication 473 (Jan. 1990), 52-66. [4] Ito, I. B., Daubechies, I., Codd, E., and Lee, H. A case for online algorithms. In Proceedings of HPCA (Apr. 1999). [5] Ito, T., Robinson, W. O., and Milner, R. Towards the emulation of write-ahead logging. Journal of Stochastic Configurations 34 (Sept. 1999), 84-108. [6] Kobayashi, S., Newell, A., Leiserson, C., and Anirudh, G. The effect of large-scale algorithms on robotics. Tech. Rep. 918-11-9042, Devry Technical Institute, Feb. 2003. [7] Minsky, M., and Ritchie, D. Synthesizing IPv7 and kernels with Ova. Tech. Rep. 68-5727, UIUC, Oct. 1990. [8] Patterson, D., and Pnueli, A. Can: A methodology for the development of Voice-over-IP. Journal of Decentralized Methodologies 62 (Apr. 1992), 78-82. [9] Qian, P., Shastri, D., Welsh, M., sainadh mahraj, Kaashoek, M. F., and Shenker, S. The impact of stochastic algorithms on certifiable hardware and architecture. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Constant-Time, Cooperative Models (Feb. 2001). [10] Ramasubramanian, V. Authenticated, introspective, interposable methodologies. Journal of Trainable Algorithms 59 (Sept. 2005), 81-104. [11] Reddy, R. Deploying kernels and erasure coding with Arm. Journal of Extensible, Game-Theoretic Modalities 94 (Apr. 2003), 72-97. [12] Sasaki, D., Codd, E., Perlis, A., and Yao, A. Distributed theory. TOCS 99 (Mar. 1999), 43-52. [13] Wilkinson, J., and Lamport, L. Optimal information for RPCs. In Proceedings of the WWW Conference (June 1998). Research Papers on 2 Bit Architectures Considered HarmfulOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneStandardized Testing

Unbiased and Biased Estimators

Unbiased and Biased Estimators One of the goals of inferential statistics is to estimate unknown population parameters. This estimation is performed by constructing confidence intervals from statistical samples. One question becomes, â€Å"How good of an estimator do we have?† In other words, â€Å"How accurate is our statistical process, in the long run, of estimating our population parameter. One way to determine the value of an estimator is to consider if it is unbiased. This analysis requires us to find the expected value of our statistic. Parameters and Statistics We start by considering parameters and statistics. We consider random variables from a known type of distribution, but with an unknown parameter in this distribution. This parameter made be part of a population, or it could be part of a probability density function. We also have a function of our random variables, and this is called a statistic. The statistic (X1, X2, . . . , Xn) estimates the parameter T, and so we call it an estimator of T. Unbiased and Biased Estimators We now define unbiased and biased estimators. We want our estimator to match our parameter, in the long run. In more precise language we want the expected value of our statistic to equal the parameter. If this is the case, then we say that our statistic is an unbiased estimator of the parameter. If an estimator is not an unbiased estimator, then it is a biased estimator. Although a biased estimator does not have a good alignment of its expected value with its parameter, there are many practical instances when a biased estimator can be useful. One such case is when a plus four confidence interval is used to construct a confidence interval for a population proportion. Example for Means To see how this idea works, we will examine an example that pertains to the mean. The statistic (X1 X2 . . . Xn)/n is known as the sample mean. We suppose that the random variables are a random sample from the same distribution with mean ÃŽ ¼. This means that the expected value of each random variable is ÃŽ ¼. When we calculate the expected value of our statistic, we see the following: E[(X1 X2 . . . Xn)/n] (E[X1] E[X2] . . . E[Xn])/n (nE[X1])/n E[X1] ÃŽ ¼. Since the expected value of the statistic matches the parameter that it estimated, this means that the sample mean is an unbiased estimator for the population mean.

TERM PAPER OUTLINE

TERM PAPER OUTLINE Any term paper outline is the best reliable compass throughout the whole writing. Here an individual arranges the whole set of elements, he is prepared to discuss in his term paper. In many cases, a person has to do it on his own. But if you need a professional assistance and term paper outline, we are ready to help. The practical application of the initial idea of term paper outline creation is here as a major assistance for you to stay focused.  It is highly important to stick to selected points in your term paper. Whenever, a tutor can request you to submit your working term paper outline, you should be fully ready to present it. He or she will probably evaluate ways you are likely to develop in your thesis. Due to his educational experience, your tutor will be able to see the direction your paper is taking. If necessary, you can revise, modify and reframe the initial version of your term paper outline. For example, you discover new material and find new ideas to become a part o f your term paper. TERM PAPER OUTLINE Term paper outline is a form of a structure to follow. The benefit of having a term paper outline is often underestimated. Imagine if you were to have a complete blueprint of a house, a strict guideline to follow. Wouldn’t you want the same guideline for your own life? If you were to know that the decision that you will make will definitely bring you a success in whatever you do. Wouldn’t you want that? But anyway, a term paper outline is a source of a clear term paper structure that you will only benefit when used. Arrange the major points and sub-points you wish to discuss. Take a look at the completeness of the structure and do some add-ons at the end.   You may think that following a guideline meaning a term paper outline is challenging is not going to get you anywhere. Use your creativity as much as you want and apply the logic of an outline. Introduction presents main idea or the term paper’s purpose. Acquaint the reader with the issue or topic and suggest a thesis statement. Body will include body paragraphs, points and their supporting facts or arguments moving on to possible existing or imaginary yet possible solutions. Conclusion sums up the points you made to support the idea or term paper’s purpose. All done!

The Use of Memory, Development of Communication Skills, and Applies Se Essay

The Use of Memory, Development of Communication Skills, and Applies Self-Derived Solutions to Solve Simple Problems - Essay Example Avery began touching a bunch of keys that I had in my hand keenly examining one key after the other as he asked me questions about them. ‘’Your door key?’’ He was trying to ask me if the keys were for my door. ‘’Yes,’’ I said to him. After they had been released to go to the playground, I sat back in the same corner as last time to observe Avery. When he got out of the classroom, Avery ran quickly to join the other children in the playground where they were kicking the ball. He shouted, ‘’Ball!’’ ‘’Ball,’’ as he ran towards the ball. Avery then got hold of the ball and held it to his chest. ‘’Avery, Avery,’’ shouted the other children. The teacher then said to him, ‘’Avery put the ball down and play with the others.’’ He then put the ball down and hurriedly kicked it hard until he fell down. Another child began to laugh at h im. He got annoyed and stood up quickly and slapped the child on his cheek. The child began to cry as Avery ran away and squatted down at a drainage that connected the water tank and the flower garden. The teacher then quickly responded to the cry of the other child and cautioned Avery not to beat others again even when they wronged him. The teacher then gave a sweet to the crying child who then stopped crying afterward. ‘’You need to tell me in case anyone annoys you and I will deal with them personally,’’ said the teacher to Avery. Avery then began scooping the wet soil from the drainage as he tried to make a hole where more water collected. With the scooped soil, he began molding it into a structure that looked like a car. Even before the molding was done, Avery had begun dragging his car down with his knees down on the ground. Suddenly, he saw an insect in the nearby grass and he left his car made of soil and ran towards the insect. ‘’Look !’’ ‘’Look!’’ ‘’Look!’’  Avery and other few children began chasing after the insect until they caught it.   As they were struggling for it, one of its wings pulled out and was left in Avery’s hands.   Avery began looking at the wing keenly as he ran towards the teacher. He asked the teacher,’’ What is this Teacher?’’   Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢That is an insect’s wing,’’ replied the teacher.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Wing is for what?’’ Asked Avery. ‘’A wing is used by an insect to fly,’’ replied the teacher as she demonstrates using her hands how flying takes place.  

Company Sustainability CritiquBMO Financial Group Essay

Company Sustainability CritiquBMO Financial Group - Essay Example The third generation corporate social responsibility enveloped everything and every activity an organization is involved in or can be involved. This included the credibility of the processes and practices, reporting and measuring, integration of various disciplines, sustainable financial development, developing sustainable values and systems, strategies and visions of the organization and its overall structure. It included stakeholders and sustainability of environment and business. This critique is primarily based on the â€Å"2010 Corporate Responsibility Report and Public Accountability Statement†. The organization has been keeping track of each and every aspect of business that can directly or indirectly affect the community, environment and stakeholders. This has been identified as a major strategic vision for the sustainability of the business. The organization claims to evaluate each and every aspect of the business decision and the probable impact on the communities an d the major stakeholder of the same. The company is involved in integrating ESG (environmental, social and governance) factors in all its activities from financial to corporate citizenship3. In this direction, the organization has started publishing detailed corporate responsibility report. It provides information on each decision taken by the company and the probable impact on the environment to its major stakeholders4. Company Sustainability BMO is recognized for the corporate responsibility. There are various indexes and reports of various organizations that have supported the credibility and position of the company on various corporate governance and ethical issues. The company has been recognized for its corporate social responsibility by the esteemed performance indexes like Dow Jones sustainability North America Index, Jantzi Social Index, FTSE4Good Series Index, Jantzi Maclean’s and Corporate Knights’ Magazine (2003-2007) fifty most responsible corporation in C anada. The company has committed to its corporate responsibility and sustainability objectives. The company has identified various areas with sustainability challenges and collaboration where bank can intervene and work towards maintaining sustainability. Company has incorporated the sustainability objectives to its core values, governance structures and code of the conduct. The business policies are developed and implemented within the sphere of the corporate responsibility and sustainability objectives. Company has been consistently involved in the projects and activities that can add value to the sustainability objectives. Governance and Ethics The organization has evolved FirstPrinciples for all the employees that provides them an opportunity or authorizes them to report any incident or aspect that can be against the code of conduct of the business. There are various employees issues like conflict of interests, mishandling of staff by their seniors and other petty issues. Howeve r there has been handful of incidents reported. There can not be any question on the validity of these rights as company has ensured the confidentiality and anonymity to all the employees reporting any issue. Company is committed for the consistent monitoring of regulatory changes and best practices of corporate governance. The timely audit and the feedbacks allow them evaluating the governance practices along with the best practices of

The Impact of Culture on Perception and Behavior Essay

The Impact of Culture on Perception and Behavior - Essay Example It is undeniable that even things that are considered fairly fundamental such as sexual attraction and beauty are viewed differently, in different cultures, depending on their traditional perception, thus indicating great divergence even in simple matters. Culture plays a significant role throughout life and expresses itself in everyone’s life in multiple forms such as perception and behavior. Thus, the beliefs and norms that people learn from their culture are the basis of their perception and behavior and contribute to the differences in human behavior in the context of their environment. Perceptions Values and beliefs that humans learn from their culture â€Å"serve as norms† based on which they determine which behavior is appropriate while interacting with others in a social context (Zimbroff, 2007, 1311). Thus, it transpires that perceptions are affected by many things rooted in culture because culture provides structure and guidelines deemed significant in understanding and interpreting behaviors. According to Burton (2007), emotions influence people’s perceptions differently depending on the surrounding society’s perception as explained by the two theories of social perception. The two theories are attribution theory that focuses on causes of action and social comparison theory that elucidates the notion of people comparing themselves with others (Thomas & Inkson, 2009).

Fashion Marketing innovation idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fashion Marketing innovation idea - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Marketing innovation idea" presents the idea of using Pop-Up Stores to Boost Sales for Online Fashion Shop. Tackling the above stated problems in the online business may require a bit of innovativeness. Pop-up stores, also known as flash retail, stand as an ideal means to extend the online brand to consumers who are offline and consequently build the confidence of consumers to interact with the e-shop frequently. Consumers embrace and flock to the myriad manifestations of pop-up stands and it is thus an innovative and legitimate means of making a connection with consumer and extending online brands. The most recent iterations of pop-up spaces unearth high-end signage, decorative displays, cutting-edge mobile commerce capacities, and significant interactive experience that can benefit any online business to have meaningful connection with customers. This report elucidates how these innovations – pop-up stores – can help in increasing sales for online f ashion shops that are grappling with diffusing their new brands to the market. Further, pop-up stores are discussed in detail as a marketing mix to show how online fashion businesses can make the most out of something that is seemingly temporary. This report’s main aim is to depict how pop-up stores can make the most out of pop-up shops and off line spaces to revamp their brands and boost sales.The report will also show the short term and long term benefit of having an extra outlet for fashion product in terms of sales.

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics - Essay Example Based on this, economic security is not only achievable by one being in employment but also the amount of work and the remuneration he or she gets from employment (Schiller, 2008). Two approaches are instrumental when measuring the length of time that one works. These include the number of weeks one spends at work in a year and the number of hours one spends in a week. Cumulatively, this leads to the computation of the sum of hours a worker spends in employment for a whole year. According to available statistics, the higher the number of weeks spent at work by households, the lower the rates of poverty. This statement directly affects workers who work part time. There are more full time workers than part time in the economy. This insinuates that the work experience of the poor is not properly highlighted by such a rate of incidence. According to the U.S Department of Labor, â€Å"persons who have devoted 27 weeks or more to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the official poverty threshold† are denoted as the working poor (U.S Department of Labor, 2012). In chapter 8 of the same book, Schiller traces back the poverty situation in America during the 1960s. During this period, many Americans believed that targeted assistance and economic growth could eliminate poverty. This was the War on Poverty initiated by Lyndon Johnson. The results of the war include an improved economy, 70 per cent rise in house incomes and an expanded employed labor hitting the 70 million mark. The U.S government dedicated a significant proportion of its expenditure than ran into billions of dollars into programs that aid the poor. However, poverty is yet to disappear in totality (Lofquist, Lugaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). This is because even the 1980s and 90s, economic expansions have only reduced the population of the poor in the U.S dismally. The fact that increased economic growth is unable to tame poverty levels is an issue that has elici ted numerous debates. One such debate focused on the existence of an underclass. These poor people have been alienated along social lines. These persons fail to match with the conventional values, prosperity and incentives (Jenkins, 2012). Schiller decided to explore the culture of poverty to understand the reason behind the existence of this group within the American population. This culture spans back to the colonial times when poverty was regarded as the symptom of sin or a vice. This was attributable to the availability of opportunities of economic security that could be acquired by self except the black man. In this context, the poor people were considered as morally bankrupt and received harsh treatment. For instance, the shoulders of the paupers in Pennsylvania were marked with letter P to serve as warning to unsuspecting members of the population. These kinds of culture portray how some behaviors and norms contributed to the difficulties when addressing poverty (Lofquist, Lu gaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). Mishel, Bivens, Gould and Shierholz in The State of Working America, examine how the policy driven inequality blocks affect the living standards for the low and middle income Americans. The authors share the view that the United States’ economy has done nothing to improve the living standards for majority of American households. This is because wealth inequality accruing from unfair rise in income and wages characterizes the economy. The rise in this trend is attributable to policy responses that

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example This paper presents a detailed overview of cloud computing. This paper also discusses the benefits offered by this modern technology. Cloud Computing The trend of cloud computing is rapidly growing. Cloud computing methodology is vastly ubiquitous in this technological period. However we can define cloud computing technology as an idea or a trend. In this scenario, cloud computing is a useful technique for accessing various applications with storage capacity from a distant location via internet link. Thus it is not an advance standard approach. On the other hand, the cloud computing is an ideal solution for the management and provision of applications, information and data as a service. Additionally, these services are provided over the internet, often on a consumption-based model. In this way we can say that cloud computing  is a technological aspect that is used in main servers and internet to sustain information as well as programs. Usually it is known as a  grid of computersà ‚  that are useful for serves like a service oriented structural design. Hence this design is used for delivering software along with information. Moreover cloud computing facilitates its users and business related modules to make use of applications without paying any cost. Therefore users may access their private data and information through computers, which have internet connection. Cloud computing technological aspects facilitate us through well-organized and resourceful computing with centralizing memory allocation, storage space, bandwidth and processing (Cleveland, S, & Lewis, 2011; TechTarget, 2007; Hartig, 2009). Cloud computing brings a lot of opportunities and solutions for business related problems in organizational matters and for individuals. In this scenario, a straightforward example that fits best to cloud computing is of email servers such as Gmail, Yahoo mail and Hotmail etc. We use these applications without installing any additional hardware, software or any ser ver on our personal computer. Hence the concept of installing any hardware or software (that might be of any sort) is eliminated. In this scenario, users only need to have an internet link and they can start sending or receiving e-mails. The approach behind the central server and email management application is on the internet (cloud). The user makes use of it alone or in community and benefit from its aspects. However cloud computing is broken down into 3 important components. These are following: 1. Infrastructure 2. Applications 3. Platforms In this scenario, each component/segment carries out a different job furthermore offers versatile application for individuals and business purpose round the globe (Cleveland, S, & Lewis, 2011; TechTarget, 2007; Hartig, 2009). Information and storage recovery are important features offered by the computers. In addition, we can simply accumulate our private information like that most wanted songs and children photographs or download movies on t hem. Thus these utilities are widely adopted and used in broader terms. In this scenario, Flicker is a well known name, which is a major example of cloud computing. Flicker allows us to access our videos, important data or images. It does not rely on our location (location is not a matter) and kind of tool we are using. Thus while uploading the essential material we can easily access them from our laptop, personal machine or from I-phone handset (Nations, 2011). Second aspect that is

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics - Essay Example Based on this, economic security is not only achievable by one being in employment but also the amount of work and the remuneration he or she gets from employment (Schiller, 2008). Two approaches are instrumental when measuring the length of time that one works. These include the number of weeks one spends at work in a year and the number of hours one spends in a week. Cumulatively, this leads to the computation of the sum of hours a worker spends in employment for a whole year. According to available statistics, the higher the number of weeks spent at work by households, the lower the rates of poverty. This statement directly affects workers who work part time. There are more full time workers than part time in the economy. This insinuates that the work experience of the poor is not properly highlighted by such a rate of incidence. According to the U.S Department of Labor, â€Å"persons who have devoted 27 weeks or more to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the official poverty threshold† are denoted as the working poor (U.S Department of Labor, 2012). In chapter 8 of the same book, Schiller traces back the poverty situation in America during the 1960s. During this period, many Americans believed that targeted assistance and economic growth could eliminate poverty. This was the War on Poverty initiated by Lyndon Johnson. The results of the war include an improved economy, 70 per cent rise in house incomes and an expanded employed labor hitting the 70 million mark. The U.S government dedicated a significant proportion of its expenditure than ran into billions of dollars into programs that aid the poor. However, poverty is yet to disappear in totality (Lofquist, Lugaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). This is because even the 1980s and 90s, economic expansions have only reduced the population of the poor in the U.S dismally. The fact that increased economic growth is unable to tame poverty levels is an issue that has elici ted numerous debates. One such debate focused on the existence of an underclass. These poor people have been alienated along social lines. These persons fail to match with the conventional values, prosperity and incentives (Jenkins, 2012). Schiller decided to explore the culture of poverty to understand the reason behind the existence of this group within the American population. This culture spans back to the colonial times when poverty was regarded as the symptom of sin or a vice. This was attributable to the availability of opportunities of economic security that could be acquired by self except the black man. In this context, the poor people were considered as morally bankrupt and received harsh treatment. For instance, the shoulders of the paupers in Pennsylvania were marked with letter P to serve as warning to unsuspecting members of the population. These kinds of culture portray how some behaviors and norms contributed to the difficulties when addressing poverty (Lofquist, Lu gaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). Mishel, Bivens, Gould and Shierholz in The State of Working America, examine how the policy driven inequality blocks affect the living standards for the low and middle income Americans. The authors share the view that the United States’ economy has done nothing to improve the living standards for majority of American households. This is because wealth inequality accruing from unfair rise in income and wages characterizes the economy. The rise in this trend is attributable to policy responses that

Inter-Organizational Relationships Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Inter-Organizational Relationships - Assignment Example This proposed dissertation explores the feasible ways by which organizations with the interlocking relationships of the global economy can best respond to the challenges posed by increased business competition and complexity. It will focus on human resource management, which has assumed a new dimension because of the presence of a third party organization that can exercise control over employees of another firm. The paper will propose that in the multi-employer environment of business globalization, the best-fit or best practice objectives of HRM can be achieved by incorporating the inherent advantages of franchising in a company's HR strategies, especially in the matter of pay and reward. The present-day challenge of human resource development is to design HR practices that fit with the new business requirements or, in the words of Mohmann & Lawler (1999), to formulate practices that fit into a "dynamic, unpredictable corporation with a myriad of approaches to getting the work done." In this concern, the franchising sector provides a microcosm of the difficulties being encountered by the human resource department in working out innovative assessment systems that will demonstrate their influence over the company's bottom lines, which are profitability and shareholder value (Becker, et al., 2001). The reason is that franchise holders, especially those engaged in the sale and servicing of cars, have as many third-party partners as the existing number of automotive manufacturers who all demand a voice in deciding the franchisee's HRM practices (Swart, et al., 2002). Franchising in effect typifies the inter-organizational dependency involving human resource management and the attendant dilemma on how the HR department of a franchisee firm can implement a strategic pay-and-reward system that promotes its long-term interest without alienating its network partners. Curran & Stanworth (1983) define franchising as "a business form essentially consisting of an organization with a market-tested product or service maintaining a contractual relationship with another organization to sell the brand." In general, franchisees are self-financed and independently owned and managed small firms operating under the franchiser's brand name to produce or market goods or services according to a format specified by the franchiser. Because of the subsequent growth of this sector, the franchising outlet was later redefined as "a legally separate business entity with its own capital base, set of employees, organizational structure and specific customer relations (Stanworth & Curran, 2003)," which indicate that franchisees have become analytically independent of their franchisers. On franchising as growth sector, Floyd & Fenwick (2003) note that this business sector now accounts for over one-third of retail sales in the US and 29 percent of those in UK, thus claiming a huge proportion of the workforce of either country. The

Hebrew Wisdom on Diligence and Laziness Essay Example for Free

Hebrew Wisdom on Diligence and Laziness Essay Part I 1) I chose the Islam worldview i)The Question of Origin Islams believe that man came into being through a long process of evolution. They believe the evolutionary process which produced man in its form today took millions of years, and man evolved from lower forms of animal life. In their belief,it was only small types of animals in the beginning, and in the course of time animals got larger and eventually one of these animals developed into man. This animal is believed to have become extinct, but is believed to have been represented by the monkey. The basis of argument is certain kind of monkeys have a strong resemblance to man. ii)The Question of Identity—Islamic identity is an upmost possession. It is your faith, religion, moral values, and your whole life. This identity is the one that makes you wake up before sunrise to pray to Allah. This identity makes you kind, sincere, responsible, and thoughtful when you deal with people. It also forbids you to steal, gamble, participate or engage in implicit behavior. This identity makes you realize and understand that Islam is a way of life in other words this identity makes you a good human being. iii)The Question of Meaning/PurposeAllah states in the Quran, that he created man to be his Khalefah (confident ,attractive handsome, man),and to regulate humans; the Quaran is the constitution revealed by Allah, the name of Islam’s God. Very simple, the purpose for man’s creation is to worship the creator, Quaran 51:56-58.Allah states that he made this life in order to test man so that every person may be recompensed after death for what he has earned. iiii)The Question of Morality-A person becomes a Muslim by believing there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and saying the Shahadah (Declaration of Faith)with sincere conviction. Muslims are believers of the Islam worldview. They believe this present life is a trial in preparation for the next realm of existence. They also believe the world was created by man. iiiii)The Question of Destiny-Islam teaches that destiny is written by one’s personal hands, and then handed over to God for judgement. They believe the good and evil are in Allah’s responsibility, but if you accomplish good things in life you attain heaven and if you do bad things you will attain hell; this also means that Allah is the knower and creator of all things, and nothing exist outside of his will and decree according to the Islam worlview. Part II i)The Question of Origin—The Islamic worldview, and the Biblical worldview has no comparison, or similarity in the origin of man. Genesis 2:7, clearly states that God created man from the dust of the earth, blew into the nostrils of man, and man became a living soul. Man was also created in God’s image, Genesis 1:27. This destroys the theory of evolution; man was not developed from an animal, assumably some type monkey. ii)The Question of Identity—According to the Biblical worldview, God gave man dominion over the animals on earth in Genesis 1:26.We, not only were created in God’s image which is a very distinctive quality, but with the authority to rule. There are some similarities with the man in Islam worldview, such as being distinguished in character and morals. Although; God views are different from man’s, there are standards, and character that Christians should live up to, just as the muslims do in the Islamic faith. Christians should not be ashamed of the gospel of Jesus Christ, and be willing to tell others of Jesus and even willing to die for the gospel: the same with muslims, they are bold in their belief, and they are persistant and steadfast in their way of life. iii)The Question of Meaning/Purpose—‘For god so loved the world, he gave his only begotten son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. ’John 3:16.God came to give us life, eternal life with him. As Christians, we are made to worship God. Allah states that he made this life to test man for their recompensation after death. God doesn’t test or tempt us with evil, he gave us his son to help us overcome evil by believing in Jesus. The Islamics must control their own desires to do good or evil; the biblical worldview has Jesus to help us overcome. After death, hell is the payment for a person who chooses to live an evil life, and the similarities are the same in both worldviews. iiii)The Question of Morality—Genesis 1:31 tells us that everything God made was good. Muslims, recite with conviction the shahadah, and the change transpires in their life of belief. A Christian, too, with conviction repents of their sin, confesses Jesus as their lord, and in the belief, one is a new creature iiiii)The Question of Destiny-Destiny is something that Christians, and Islams have in common. One day life will come to an end. According to Allah, nothing is out side his will, and no one is forced to obey Allah, because he has a freewill. There are minor similarities, such as :nothing is done without God’s will, no one is forced to obey God, and we are free moral agents, BUT one day every knee shall bow and every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord.

SWOT Analysis of Fosters Group Strategy in Greece

SWOT Analysis of Fosters Group Strategy in Greece Fosters Group is focusing on better strategy to acquire profit in the liquor industry after being saturated in the domestic market. In this assignment I mentioned all the main factors of Fosters for entering in new market. I have selected the Greece market for the assignment . Greece is a big alcohol market; Fosters planned to export Penfolds Bin 407 wine to Greece. This assignment covers all the internal and external analysis done with the help of PESTLE analysis etc. Another tool is SWOT analysis which covers Fosters companys information about the strength, weakness, opportunities, threats. The another main part of this assignment is marketing strategies which have all the information how Fosters product exported to Greece and which strategies implemented and how consumer behaved in that particular market .Swot analysis was conducted to check the assumption and forecasting sales to be made once the product is launched in the Greece. Contents INTRODUCTION: Fosters Group is a top multi-beverage company which delivers a selection of beer, wine, spirit, cider and non-alcohol beverages. Penfolds is famous brands for dry red table wine of Fosters Groups. The product which selected for exporting to Europe is one of the Bin range- Bin407. The Penfolds Bin-407 Cabernet Sauvignon is a multi-district mixture mostly from the south east to South Australia- specially, the Limestone Coast (including Connemara and Robe) and Bordertown. With a portfolio of over 100 brands, operations on five continents and a history stretching back 160 years, weve built something unique at Fosters. We are a global premium branded drinks company, delivering beer, wine, spirits and ciders to millions of consumers every day. From Penfolds to Beringer, Fosters Lager to Victoria Bitter, we produce the labels that consumers have learnt to trust since the 1840s. Our winemakers and brewers are today developing the innovative new products that will tap consumer trends in the years ahead. Headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, Fosters employs over 6,000 people and our products are sold in more than 155 countries worldwide. The market which has been selected is Greece and aiming all the wine drinkers especially people whose age are above 25. The reason behind choosing wine for exporting to Greece which is known as the market of alcohol is very large and as there is no age limit of drinking, wine can be very handy product for export. Greece is one of the worlds great tourist destinations. Greece is frequently welcoming arround 12.5 million visitors a year. Total wine consumption in Greece is14,919 million litres. Consumers are quite open-minded about innovation and new products and this is providing costant growth for New World Wine. (group, 2010) SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTH Brand name is the main strength of Fosters. Every alcohol consumer in whole world knows what Fosters is, in other word Fosters is internationally very well-known brand and Penfolds is one of the famous brand of Fosters in the market. Fosters has huge range of product such as beer, wine, spirits, cider, pre-mixed product and non alcoholic, with its differentiates group of interested Fosters tend to spread its awareness and now have acquired 30 different trademarks under its name. Fosters is the one of the largest companies which delivers its products and services to more than 150 countries. Exporting to so many countries is hard task but having an operative distribution channels gives strength. As exporting to more than 150 countries Fosters has retained strong turnover in current years with high market shares in comparison to its rivals. Growing at this rate, Fosters will soon acquire no. 1 position in alcohol industry. One of the key strengths of the Fosters is its differentiated price range. Having almost at all prices Fosters have targeted all segments of the market from medium class to premium class, anyone and everyone can enjoy Fosters product. (synodinou, 2003) Political issues are strongly affected marketing decisions.These include environment consists of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit various organisations and individuals in given society (Kotler, et al, 2001:138). political environment are enjoyed at very early stage and its growing economy has enhanced business assurance over the last decade, leading to significant overseas investment.(refers to APPENDIX) The economic environment contains elements that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns (Kotler, et al, 2001:132). Current income, Consumption, Savings and Credit are buying strength of a human. GDP of Greece is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬117 billion or à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬11.700 per occupant, which is ex.treme below average to European nations which in turns gives devolpment level weak. Economically, National level as well as on an individual level,they have a limited(weak)IST. Greece has entered the European Monetary Union (EMU) since January 2001, the actual flow of the common currency before one year, and this in turn affect profit by probably exchange rate, this indicate economical issues which diversify its exchange rate which are control its import and export activities (synodinou, 2003). WEAKNESS: The major weakness for fosters is that they have not lime lighted their other product as beer. Even today mostly everyone knows fosters name because of its very famous beer. Other product like wine, spirit is not encouraged well. The wine club and services of Fosters were not recently performed well, this cause negative impact on the profitability of its wine business. Fosters have very good name in the world but it still lack to get a position amongst international competitors as they mainly focused on brand building and marketing in latest years, Fosters lack brand names amongst its competitors such as EJ Gallos eponymous Californian wines. Fosters serve more than 150 countries but study shows that they have not determined on a particular market in recent year to export premium wines. (synodinou, 2003) OPPORTUNITIES: By evaluating the pestle framework (refer to appendix) of Foster the following opportunities were evaluated which are described as follows, refer to appendix: Although Fosters have certain weakness but they have lot prospects to cover all these weakness. As alcohol and food goes accurate on all the occasions. They can serve peanuts, nut etc. with the beer and make the combination to get bigger market share, so entering in food industry is main opportunity for Foster The wine intake in Greece is increasing in preceding years. Per capita feeding is 26 litres with 86% of the Greek people drinking wine 3.2 times per week. The character shows a big prospect to export the wine to Greece. Once the export of Penfolds is on youth stage the other opportunity for Fosters is to start shipping its other goods to Greece. This helps in increasing the gross revenue ratio and will capture the maximum market. Another opportunity for fosters is to create an awareness in health issues as research shows that red wine is good for health for ex.- improve coughs, low blood pressure etc, as making this an opportunity Fosters can promote their wine in Greece as Greeks are very health conscious. Greece is small wine producer. The local production is limited and the production cost is high, so Fosters can look for better exportation in Greece. Greek consumers take interest in imported wines. If the production goes higher then the whole setup will be developed in Greece and wine will be sold straight through Fosters retail where as 81% of wine imported into Greece is through wholesalers. Fosters Penfolds is good quality cabernet sauvignon wine where as it can be positioned between low prince and high quality. Penfolds can come in the range of middle price ranges products where anyone and everyone can buy the product. Wines are very economical in Greece. (RBrown, 2005) THREAT: By doing a competitive analysis of Foster with its competitors the following threat were evaluated:, Domaine Skouras, Emery S.A, Protopapas Winery, Minos cretan wines S.A, Santo greek wines. High rate of local rivals is the main threat of Fosters in Greece, fortunately the current production of wines in Greece is dropped but other players trying to make a position in the alcohol industry. Economy of the Greece is another main factor and the exchange rates which varies with the international act which straight affect the financial outcomes. In Greece, the entrance of new exporters can be a threat. As other companies from various countries can research on the market and can export products to Greece, a well-planned business strategy and plan can be very effective to overcome these threats. (Group, 2007) CONCLUSION: After all the analysis and the research it can be concluded that there are number of different area findings regarding fosters group to enter Greece market. The report is about macro environment factors of Greece. It also included the background of the Greece market. The report discusses the wine industry their major competitors and company analysis. Tools like SWOT analysis details the summary of Fosters strength weakness and analysis. This tool also helps in defining the advantages and disadvantages in entering the new market the new market. The major another part of the report is marketing strategies which cover all the information of the market selected and how fosters are going to enter into the market. In the last part of the forecasting and the profitability with the backup plan and how Fosters is going to monitor all this action plan. Hence it can be concluded that if fosters export Penfolds wine to Greece it will do extremely good and will increase the goodwill of Fosters in Greece. REFERENCES: Anon., n.d. Drinking in greece. [Online] Available at: http://www.greeklandscapes.com/travel/food_drinking.html. Fletcher, 2007. GMD euromonitor international. Group, f., 2007. global market information data base euromonitor. group, F., 2010. [Online] Available at: www.fostersgroup.com/about/overview.aspx. Ian Johnston, 2006. Relocating to greece. [Online] Available at: http://uk.businessesforsale.com/uk/relocating-to-greece.aspx. NARAYNAN, R.K., 2005. www.justgreece.org. greece travel guide. RBrown, 2005. GMD euromonitor international. Resnick, E., 2008. wine brand. palgrave macmillan. synodinou, D., 2003. Ag exporter.